A stub zone is a read-only copy of a zone, which obtains its resource records from other name servers. It contains copies of only three types of resource records:
1. SOA record for the zone.
2. Name server (NS) records for all name servers authoritative for the zone.
3. Host (A) records for all name servers authoritative for the zone.
These resource records are necessary to identify the authoritative DNS server for the zone. A stub zone is used to streamline name resolution, especially in a split namespace scenario.
A DNS server that is hosting a stub zone is configured with the IP address of the authoritative server from which it loads. DNS servers can use stub zones for both iterative and recursive queries. When a DNS server hosting a stub zone receives a recursive query for a computer name in the zone to which the stub zone refers, the DNS server uses the IP address to query the authoritative server, or, if the query is iterative, returns a referral to the DNS servers listed in the stub zone. A stub zone reduces the amount of DNS traffic on the network and makes DNS more efficient especially over slow WAN links.
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